Structure and working principle of electric loudspeaker

Structure and working principle of electric loudspeaker

1 electric loudspeaker

Electric loudspeaker is mainly composed of magnet and vibration system. The magnet is composed of magnet and soft iron core column, while the paper basin (vibrating film), centering support, voice coil and dust cover constitute the vibration system. When the audio current is connected to the voice coil of the speaker, the voice coil will produce an alternating magnetic field under the action of the current, and the permanent magnet will also produce a constant magnetic field with the same size and direction. Because the size and direction of the magnetic field generated by the voice coil are constantly changing with the change of the audio current, the interaction of the two magnetic fields makes the voice coil move perpendicular to the current direction in the voice coil. Because the voice coil is connected with the vibrating membrane, the voice coil drives the vibrating membrane to vibrate, and the vibrating surface of the air makes a sound due to the vibration of the vibrating membrane.

The greater the current output to the voice coil, the greater the force of its magnetic field The greater the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm, the louder the sound. The high pitched part of the speaker is mainly in the center of the diaphragm, and the low pitched part of the speaker is mainly at the edge of the diaphragm. If the diaphragm edge of the loudspeaker is relatively soft and the paper basin has a large diameter, the bass effect of the loudspeaker is better.

2. Dome speaker

In the sound system, the electric speakers are generally used for the middle and bass units, while the tweeter unit is mostly served by the dome speaker. For the tweeter unit, due to the high working frequency, the diaphragm will move at a high speed in the magnetic circuit air gap of the permanent magnet when replaying the tweeter. Therefore, the diaphragm of the tweeter speaker is required to respond quickly to the transient high-frequency signal and bear the air pressure generated by the high-speed movement. Therefore, the manufacturing material of the diaphragm is required to be light in quality, And have enough strength.

Ball top speakers are mainly divided into soft ball top and hard ball top. Because metal iron is light and hard, it is used to manufacture hard ball top speakers. It has good instantaneous response characteristics, clear sound and clear hierarchy. Domestic iron ball top speakers generally have a rated power of 30W and a frequency range of 4 - 20kHz. The vibrating film of soft dome loudspeaker is generally made of silk, silk and chemical fiber. Its playback sound is softer than the iron ball top speaker.